THE ROLE OF THE GUT-BRAIN AXIS IN FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS

Dysregulation of bidirectional communication between the brain and the intestine, known as the gut brain axis, plays a leading role in the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). This literature review elucidate the neural, endocrine, immune, metabolic mechanisms of the gut brain interaction. The gut microbiome, being a collective genome, is an adaptive entity that changes with a diet, daily habits and the environment, providing a person with metabolic plasticity, as well as functions, undeveloped in humans. The epigenetics of the microbiota gut brain axis and the effect of the low-FODMAP diet on the microbiome are considered. Prevailing possibilities of probiotic therapy of FGIR, according to current clinical guidelines, are shown.