The role of nutritional factors in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
REVIEWS
Abstract
Introduction.Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is currently one of the most clinically and socially significant forms of chronic bronchopulmonary pathology in children of the first years of life, which makes it especially relevant to study the pathogenesis of this pathology, taking into account not only the neonatal, but also the antenatal period, which lays the foundation for the postnatal development of all organ systems.The purpose of the studyis to systematize the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, taking into account the peculiarities of the course of the antenatal period and nutritional status for the subsequent optimization of complex therapy and prevention.Materials andmethods.Foreign and domestic publications were reviewed usingreviewed usinge LIBRARY, Cyber Leninka, Medscape, Pub Meddatabase.Results.The general etiological and clinical pathogenetic characteristics of bronchopulmonary dysplasia are presented, with a description of the pathogenesis and a detailed analysis of the effect of trophic disorders of the antenatal period on the nature of the structural and functional maturation of the bronchopulmonary system. The pathogenetic mechanisms of impaired angiogenesis and development of surfactant insufficiency in children with impaired antenatal nutritional status, as well as the role of fetoplacental insufficiency in these disorders are described.Conclusion.Children at risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia may have an unfavorable antenatal and postnatal nutritional status with a deficiency of nutritional components that take a significant part in the plastic, energy processes of structural and functional maturation at various stages of development and morphological levels of the bronchopulmonary system.
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