Факторы риска развития и неблагоприятного исхода респираторного дистресса у новорожденных: ОБЗОРЫ

Юрий Станиславович  Александрович; Джамиля Алибулатовна  Темирова; Дмитрий Олегович  Иванов

doi:10.56871/

Risk factors for the development and adverse outcome of respiratory distress in newborns

REVIEWS

Yurii S. Aleksandrovich Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-4813
Jamilya A. Temirova Maternity Hospital No. 10 https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2854-8473
Dmitry O. Ivanov Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0060-4168

Keywords:

respiratory distress neonates preterm respiratory support risk factors респираторный дистресс новорожденные недоношенные респираторная поддержка факторы риска

Abstract

Respiratory distress is the most common cause of critical conditions in newborns requiring their admission to the intensive care unit and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The review demonstrated the effect of various ante-, intra-, and postnatal factors on the course and outcomes of neonatal respiratory distress. The articles were searched in the Pub Med and eLibrary.ru databases, fromJanuary2015 to October 2025. The keywords were used: “respiratory distress”, “newborns”, “preterm infants”, “risk factors respiratory distress”, “newborns”, “prematurity”, “risk factors”. The analysis included 50 publications. The most significant factors affecting the outcome were the mother’s age of more than 35 years, the mother’s use of antidepressants during pregnancy, the mother’s hypertension, the lack of antenatal corticosteroid prophylaxis, the need for resuscitation in the delivery room, gestation less than 28 weeks, male sex, the presence of apnea, hypothermia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, low body weight by gestation, vitamin D deficiency in cord blood. Pneumonia, asphyxia and early neonatal sepsis are the main causes ofacute respiratory distress syndromeof varying severity. The main diseases in prematurity withextremely low birth weightwere respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis and intraventricular hemorrhages of varying severity.Domestic studies on the assessment of risk factors for the unfavorable course of respiratory distress in newborns are isolated, and the work of foreign authors is extremely contradictory.At the same time, the search for highly sensitive and specific predictors of the unfavorable course of respiratory distress in the neonatal period would significantly improve treatment outcomes.

Author Biographies

Yurii S. Aleksandrovich, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Dr Sci (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency pediatrics of the Faculty of Postgraduate andAdditional Professional Education

Jamilya A. Temirova, Maternity Hospital No. 10

anesthesiologist and intensive care physician

Dmitry O. Ivanov, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Rector, Head of the Department of Neonatology with courses of Neurology and Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Postgraduate and Additional Professional Education

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Risk factors for the development and adverse outcome of respiratory distress in newborns: REVIEWS. (2026). Children’s Medicine of the North-West, 13(4), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.56871/

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Risk factors for the development and adverse outcome of respiratory distress in newborns: REVIEWS. (2026). Children’s Medicine of the North-West, 13(4), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.56871/

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