Микробиота кишечника доношенныхи недоношенных новорожденных: рольв развитии инфекционных заболеванийи возможности коррекции (обзор литературы): ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ И ДИЕТОЛОГИЯ

Денис Максимович Конюхов; Наталья Васильевна Гончар; Константин Дмитриевич Ермоленко; Александр Николаевич Суворов

doi:10.56871/

Gut microbiota of full - term and preterm newborns:role in the development of infectious diseasesand possibilities for correction (literature review)

GASTROENTEROLOGY AND DIETOLOGY

Denis M. Konyukhov Children’s City Hospital No. 17 of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker; Federal Scientifi c and Clinical Center of Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6457-1125
Gonchar Gonchar Federal Scientifi c and Clinical Center of Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5938-2934
Konstantin D. Ermolenko Federal Scientifi c and Clinical Center of Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-8576
Alexander N. Suvorov Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; nstitute of Experimental Medicine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-5589

Keywords:

intestinal microbiota newborns preterm infants infectious diseases probiotics микробиота кишечника новорожденные недоношенные дети инфекционные заболевания пробиотики

Abstract

Introduction.The study of the gut microbiota in newborns is an important area of modern medicine, as its development affects immunity, metabolism, and overall child health. This issue is particularly relevant for preterm infants, whose microbiota maturation is delayed, increasing the risk of infections and chronic diseases. The composition and functional state of the microbiota are significantly influenced by the mode of delivery, antibiotic therapy, and type of feeding, although these factors require further investigation.Aim—to systematize current data on the factors affecting the intestinal microbiota of full-term and premature newborns, and methods of its correction.Materials and methods.This article presents a review of scientific literature, including clinical studies and systematic reviews. Data were analyzed regarding methods of microbiota assessment, and the influence of delivery mode, antibiotic therapy, breastfeeding, formula feeding, and treatment with prebiotics and probiotics on gut microbiota composition.Results.A healthy gut microbiota in newborns plays a crucial role in preventing infectious diseases. Disturbances of the intestinal microbiota caused by cesarean section, antibiotic therapy, and formula feeding are associated with reduced colonization resistance and the proliferation of opportunistic bacteria (Klebsiellaspp.,Enterococcusspp.,Pseudomonasspp.), increasing the risk of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. The use of probiotics and prebiotics helps reduce infectious morbidity by restoring microbial balance and strengthening the intestinal barrier, making microbiota correction an important direction in the prevention and treatment of neonatal infections.Conclusion.The formation of a healthy gut microbiota in newborns is critical for their long-term health. Current evidence highlights the importance of vaginal delivery, breastfeeding, and rational antibiotic use in the care of preterm infants. Probiotics represent a promising approach for correcting microbiota disturbances in newborns; however, further studies are needed to optimize their use.

Author Biographies

Denis M. Konyukhov, Children’s City Hospital No. 17 of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker; Federal Scientifi c and Clinical Center of Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia

neonatologist, anesthesiologist-intensivist, Children’s City Hospital No. 17 named after St. Nicholas the Wonderworker; Postraduate Student, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia.

Gonchar Gonchar, Federal Scientifi c and Clinical Center of Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Leading Researcher, the Research Department of Intestinal Infections, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology,
North-Western State University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Konstantin D. Ermolenko, Federal Scientifi c and Clinical Center of Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director General for Scientific and Educational Activities, Head of the Research Department of Intestinal Infections Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases,
Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia;
Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Alexander N. Suvorov, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; nstitute of Experimental Medicine

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Molecular Microbiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Institute of Experimental Medicine; Head of the Department of Fundamental Problems of Medicine and Medical Technologies, Saint Petersburg State University.

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Gut microbiota of full - term and preterm newborns:role in the development of infectious diseasesand possibilities for correction (literature review): GASTROENTEROLOGY AND DIETOLOGY. (2026). Children’s Medicine of the North-West, 14(1), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.56871/

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Gut microbiota of full - term and preterm newborns:role in the development of infectious diseasesand possibilities for correction (literature review): GASTROENTEROLOGY AND DIETOLOGY. (2026). Children’s Medicine of the North-West, 14(1), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.56871/

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