Features of orthodontic treatment of patients with diabetes insipidus: a clinical case
DENTISTRY
Abstract
This article examines the understudied but clinically significant relationship between diabetes insipidus and the development of dental anomalies in children. Pathogenesis is described, and clinical characteristics of specific orthodontic disorders are presented. Diabetes insipidus is a chronic endocrine disorder characterized by impaired synthesis, secretion, or action of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin), leading to severe water and electrolyte imbalances. Despite its relative rarity in the general population, its prevalence in childhood remains clinically significant. According to modern epidemiological studies, the incidence of diabetes insipidus in children averages 1:25,000 — 1:30,000. Each new case requires lifelong, often complex, diagnostics and multicomponent therapy aimed at maintaining adequate water and electrolyte homeostasis. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of water-salt metabolism disorders in the pathogenesis of dental anomalies in children with diabetes insipidus and to develop principles of adapted orthodontic treatment. Ten children with diabetes insipidus participated in the study. Based on the data obtained, principles of adapted orthodontic treatment were developed. This treatment requires close collaboration with an endocrinologist, consideration of the condition of dental tissues and supporting apparatus, and the use of gentle techniques. The importance of early diagnosis of dentoalveolar anomalies and a comprehensive approach to achieving stable results in children with diabetes insipidus is emphasized. Metabolic disorders in diabetes insipidus are a significant risk factor for the development of dentoalveolar anomalies. Successful orthodontic treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach, stable treatment of the underlying disease, and adaptation of standard treatment protocols.
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