Клинико-иммунологические аспекты метапневмовирусной инфекции у детей: ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ

Вера Федотовна  Суховецкая; Александр Евгеньевич  Блинов; Ольга Петровна  Гурина; Вероника Сергеевна  Тимонина; Екатерина Георгиевна  Головачева; Оксана Владимировна  Булина; Елена Владимировна  Баракина; Татьяна Маратовна  Чернова; Владимир Николаевич  Тимченко; Татьяна Анатольевна  Каплина; Ольга Николаевна  Варламова

doi:10.56871/

Clinical and immunological aspects of metapneumovirus infection in children

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Vera F. Sukhovetskaya Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1566-7137
Alexander E. Blinov Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9852-256X
Olga P. Gurina Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-5423
Veronika S. Timonina A.A. Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2887-0126
Ekaterina G. Golovacheva A.A. Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1934-7288
Oksana V. Bulina Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2997-7777
Elena V. Barakina Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2128-6883
Tatyana M. Chernova Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4845-3757
Vladimir N. Timchenko Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4068-1731
Tatyana A. Kaplina Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1659-2058
Olga N. Varlamova Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-0756

Keywords:

metapneumovirus infection children interferons interleukins метапневмовирусная инфекция дети интерфероны интерлейкины

Abstract

Introduction.Metapneumovirus infection is one of the leading causes of lower respiratory tract infection in children.The aim of the study—to identify the features of immunopathogenesis and clinical course of metapneumovirus infection in children to predict the severity of the disease and optimize therapeutic approaches.Materials and methods.A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 210 children aged 1 month to 14 years hospitalized in infectious disease hospitals in St. Petersburg from 2019 to 2025 was conducted. Etiological identification was performed using PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs. Cytokine status (IL-1β, -6, -8, -10, -17, IFN-αand -γlevels) was determined using ELISA in serum.Results.Metapneumovirus infection in children was detected in 6.6% of acute respiratory viral infections. Patients with mono-metapneumovirus infection under 3 years of age accounted for 72%, of which 53% had lower respiratory tract lesions. Acute obstructive laryngitis was most often observed in children aged 1–3 years (23.4%). Children with grade I laryngeal stenosis accounted for 64.3%. Acute bronchitis/BOS was more often recorded in children under 1 year (48.8%) and 1-3 years (46.7%). Grade I–II respiratory failure was observed mainly in young patients (85.7%). Pneumonia was diagnosed in 21.5% of children under 1 year of age. Activation of cellular immunity was accompanied by an increase in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, -6, -8, -17) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), which plays a role in limiting excessive inflammation. A simultaneous decrease in interferon levels (IFN-αand -γ) was observed.Conclusions.Metapneumovirus infection in young children primarily affects the lower respiratory tract and is associated with a high rate of complications. The immunopathogenesis of this infection is characterized by increased production of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, coupled with decreased interferon levels, reflecting an imbalance in the immune response that contributes to the severity of clinical manifestations.

Author Biographies

Vera F. Sukhovetskaya, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases in Children namedafter Professor M.G. Danilevich

Alexander E. Blinov, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Medical and Social Problems in Pediatrics, Scientific and Research Center

Olga P. Gurina, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory Medical and Social Problems in Pediatrics, Scientific and Research Center

Veronika S. Timonina, A.A. Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza

Researcher, Department of Respiratory Viral Infections in Children

Ekaterina G. Golovacheva, A.A. Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Department of Respiratory Viral Infections in Children

Oksana V. Bulina, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation, Postgraduate and Additional Professional Education

Elena V. Barakina, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases in Children named after Professor M.G. Danilevich

Tatyana M. Chernova, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases in Children named after Professor M.G. Danilevich

Vladimir N. Timchenko, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases in Children named after Professor M.G. Danilevich

Tatyana A. Kaplina, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases in Children named after Professor M.G. Danilevich

Olga N. Varlamova, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Researcher at the Laboratory of Medical and Social Problems in Pediatrics, Scientific and Research Center

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Clinical and immunological aspects of metapneumovirus infection in children: INFECTIOUS DISEASES. (2026). Children’s Medicine of the North-West, 14(1), 144-153. https://doi.org/10.56871/

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Clinical and immunological aspects of metapneumovirus infection in children: INFECTIOUS DISEASES. (2026). Children’s Medicine of the North-West, 14(1), 144-153. https://doi.org/10.56871/

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