Инсулиноподобные факторы роста: роль в патологических процессах, диагностике и терапии заболеваний различной этиологии
Аннотация
Введение. В обзоре данных литературы обобщены сведения об особенностях физиологии соматомединов, их участия в патогенезе патологических состояний, рассмотрены возможности применения соматомединов в диагностике и терапии. Результаты. Инсулиноподобные факторы роста 1 и 2 (соматомедины) — это одноцепочечные белки, сходные по своему строению с проинсулином. В современной практике соматомедины редко востребованы в диагностике и терапии заболеваний из-за малой осведомленности об их влиянии на множество физиологических процессов. Инсулиноподобный фактор роста 1 опосредует действие соматотропного гормона, участвует в глюконеогенезе, биосинтезе белка, липогенезе, стимулирует регенерацию, рост и размножение клеток, в том числе опухолевых. На основании перечисленных эффектов он является диагностическим маркером ряда эндокринных нарушений, определяет прогноз безрецидивного течения онкозаболеваний и заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы. Ранее считалось, что инсулиноподобный фактор роста 2 оказывает значимое влияние на организм только во время внутриутробного развития. Дальнейшие исследования позволили установить его роль в онкологических и психоневрологических заболеваниях, в диагностике синдрома задержки внутриутробного роста и прогнозе безрецидивной выживаемости онкологических больных. Выводы. Сопричастность к развитию целого ряда патологий и значительное влияние на множество физиологических процессов определяют целесообразность и актуальность дальнейшего изучения соматомединов для расширения сведений об их диагностической значимости, а также проведения исследований с целью их возможного применения в терапии.
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